Evaluation of Efficacy of Various Surface Conditioning Methods on the Repair Bond Strength of Composite to Different Fracture Types of Zirconia Ceramics

Table 2

Failure modes on cracked surfaces of tested groups/subgroups.

Groups/subgroups	Group I (zirconia)	Group II (veneering ceramic)	Group III (zirconia/veneering ceramic)
Subgroup I (control-grinding)	8 adhesive failure; 2 mix failure	9 cohesive failure; 1 mix failure	4 cohesive failure; 1 adhesive failure; 5 mix failure
Subgroup II (sandblasting)	8 adhesive failure; 2 mix failure	8 cohesive failure; 2 mix failure	4 cohesive failure; 6 mix failure
Subgroup III (long-pulse laser)	10 adhesive failure	7 cohesive failure; 1 adhesive failure; 2 mix failure	4 cohesive failure; 6 mix failure
Subgroup IV (short-pulse laser)	10 adhesive failure	7 cohesive failure; 1 adhesive failure; 2 mix failure	2 cohesive failure; 8 mix failure