Effect of Heat Softening versus Ultrasonic Removal of Root-End Gutta-Percha on the Quality of Root-End Preparation for Endodontic Microsurgery
Table 1
Adapted classification for evaluating (a) the presence of gutta-percha, (b) root-end surface microcracks, and (c) marginal integrity of root-end cavity following root-end preparation.
(a) Presence of gutta-percha. Adapted classification from Khabbaz et al. [20]
Designation
A
B
C
D
E
Description
Clean walls
Gutta-percha on 1 wall
Gutta-percha on 2 walls
Gutta-percha on 3 walls
Gutta-percha on 4 walls
(b) Root-end surface microcracks. Adapted criteria proposed from Taschieri et al. [21] and Rainwater et al. [22]
Number
Type
Designation
A
B
C
D
I
II
III
Description
Absence of cracks
1 to 3 cracks
4 to 6 cracks
7 or more cracks
Intradentinal
Incomplete
Complete
(c) Marginal integrity of root-end cavity. Adapted criteria proposed by Bernardes et al. [7]
Score
1
2
3
4
Description
Smooth and regular cavities
Smooth and regular cavities with presence of groove on 1 or 2 walls
Irregular cavities with presence of groove on 3 walls
Irregular cavities with presence of groove on 4 walls
