History of Suicide Attempt Is Associated with Reduced Medial Prefrontal Cortex Activity during Emotional Decision-Making among Men with Schizophrenia: An Exploratory fMRI Study

Table 1

Participant characteristics.

	SCZ + S ()	SCZ − S ()	Healthy controls ()	Significance
Age, mean (SE)	39.1 (2.2)	32.1 (2.1)	32.1 (1.8)	;
Handedness, % right	72.7	100.0	95.0	;
Ethnicity, % Caucasian	92.3	84.2	90.5	;
IQ, (SE)	93.6 (4.6)	89.2 (2.1)	101.2 (3.5)	;
BART total $ (SE)	17.9 (1.2)	18.1 (1.2)	19.4 (1.1)	;
BIS total (SE)	67.0 (3.0)	63.7 (2.2)	52.9 (1.7)	;
Diagnoses	5 SA	2 SA	-	;
Age of onset (SE)	26.7 (3.5)	21.1 (1.1)	-	;
PANSS
Positive	17.0 (1.0)	16.1 (0.5)	-	;
Negative	16.2 (0.8)	17.5 (1.4)	-	;
General	37.1 (1.8)	35.7 (1.4)	-	;
Clozapine, %	46.2	55.6	-	;
Olanzapine equivalents mg (SE)	18.9 (3.3)	11.5 (1.4)	-	;

BART = Balloon Analogue Risk Task; BIS = Barratt Impulsiveness Scale; PANSS = Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale; IQ = intelligence quotient; SA = schizoaffective disorder; SCZ + S = schizophrenia with lifetime suicidal attempt; SCZ − S = schizophrenia without violent behavior or suicidal attempt; SE = standard error of the mean; SCZ + S > Healthy and SCZ − S (). SCZ − S < Healthy (); SCZ − S and SCZ + S > Healthy ().