Measurement Accuracy Analysis of Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors for Asphalt Mixture Based on the DEM-FDM Coupled Method

Table 7

Contact model and values.

Contact model	Symbol	Parameter	Unit	Value
Internal aggregate (linear parallel bond model)		Effective modulus	N/m^2	2e9
		Bond effective modulus	N/m^2	5e8
		Tensile strength	MPa	6e8
		Cohesion	MPa	3e8
		Bond normal-to-shear stiffness ratio	—	2.5
		Friction coefficient	—	0.5
Aggregate-aggregate (linear model)		Effective modulus	N/m^2	2e9
		Normal-to-shear stiffness ratio	—	2.5
		Friction coefficient	—	0.5
Asphalt mortar-asphalt mortar (linear parallel bond model)		Effective modulus	N/m^2	4.8e8
		Bond effective modulus	N/m^2	1.2e8
		Tensile strength	MPa	1.4e7
		Cohesion	MPa	7e6
		Bond normal-to-shear stiffness ratio	—	3.0
		Friction coefficient	—	0.5
Aggregate-asphalt mortar (linear parallel bond model)		Effective modulus	N/m^2	4.8e8
		Bond effective modulus	N/m^2	1.2e8
		Tensile strength	MPa	1.26e5
		Cohesion	MPa	6.3e5
		Bond normal-to-shear stiffness ratio	—	3.0
		Friction coefficient	—	0.5
Wall-other elements (linear model)	kn	Normal stiffness	N/m	1e8
	ks	Shear stiffness	N/m	1e8
		Friction coefficient	—	0.5