The Use of Shape Accel Array for Deformation Monitoring and Parameter Inversion of a 300 m Ultrahigh Rockfill Dam

Table 1

Conventional instruments and monitoring difficulties.

Instruments	Monitoring difficulties
Horizontal displacement gauge of tensional wire	Steel wire creep, thermal expansion, cold contraction, and the influence of the junction disc on the steel wire support [4]
Hydraulic overflow settlement gauge	The resistance of liquid increases exponentially along a long pipeline and interferes with observations. Better burial technology is needed, such as 1% strictly refined burial gradient, and massive construction interference to provide the connected water-containing pipeline [5]
Electromagnetic settlement gauge	Easily demagnetized during long-term monitoring and large construction impact [6]. During the installation process, a protective tube with a diameter of about one meter is required to protect this instrument. The diameter of the construction impact reaches about three meters