Nondestructive Testing and Health Monitoring Techniques for Structural Effective Prestress

Table 1

Research studies on structural prestress monitoring based on FBG sensors.

Publication year	Researchers	Measuring object	Laboratory or field	Encapsulating and embedding method	Measuring error	Note
1996	Nellen et al. [45]	Prestressed carbon fiber cable	Laboratory	FBG sensor was fixed on the strand surface using glue and Teflon tape	—	—
2009	Zhou et al. [46]	PSC beam	Laboratory	FBG sensor was embedded in an FRP bar	Within 5%	Smart steel strand
2011	Li et al. [47]	Stay cable	Laboratory	FBG sensor was embedded in a GFRP bar	With a maximum error of 11.86%	Smart stay cable
2012	Li et al. [48]	Arch bridge suspender	Both	FBG sensor was embedded in a GFRP bar	—	Smart suspender
2012	Kim et al. [49]	PSC beam	Both	FBG sensor was encapsulated by epoxy resin and steel tube	Within 5%	Smart steel strand
2013	He et al. [50]	Bridge cable	Laboratory	FBG sensor was embedded in a FRP bar	Within 5%	Smart cable
2014	Lan et al. [51]	PSC beam	Laboratory	FBG sensor was embedded in a FRP bar	Within 5%	Smart steel strand
2014	Li and Zhou [52]	Bridge cable	Laboratory	Using adhesive to join FBG sensor and steel wire	Within 4.5%	—
2015	Kim et al. [53]	Steel strand	Laboratory	FBG sensor was embedded in a carbon core wire	—	Smart steel strand
2016	Kim et al. [44]	Pretensioned UHPC deck	Both	FBG sensor was encapsulated by epoxy resin and steel tube	—	Smart steel strand
2017	Huynh and Kim [54]	PSC girder	Laboratory	FBG sensor was embedded in a carbon core wire	—	Smart tendon
2017	Kim et al. [55]	Steel strand	Laboratory	FBG sensor was encapsulated by epoxy resin and steel tube	—	Smart steel strand
2018	Zheng et al. [56]	Steel wire for bridge cable	Laboratory	Using structural adhesive to join FBG sensor and steel wire	—	—
2018	Dan et al. [57]	Steel strand	Laboratory	FBG sensor was embedded in a carbon fiber bar	—	Smart tendon
2020	Jiao et al. [58]	Steel strand	Laboratory	FBG sensor was embedded in a FRP bar	Within 7%	Smart steel strand
2021	Zhu et al. [40]	PSC beam	Laboratory	FBG sensor was embedded in the groove of the center wire		Self-sensing steel strand