Nondestructive Testing and Health Monitoring Techniques for Structural Effective Prestress

Table 5

Research studies on structural prestress evaluation based on the EMI technique.

Publication year	Researchers	Structural type	Laboratory or field	Sensor type	Sensor position	Research focus	Measuring error
2012	Nguyen and Kim [42]	PSC girder	Laboratory	PZT	Anchorage plate	Presenting a wireless EMI-based prestress monitoring system	With a maximum error of 9.8%
2017	Huynh and Kim [146]	PSC girder	Laboratory	PZT	Anchorage plate	Proposing a phase-by-phase model updating algorithm to quantitatively identify the prestress loss	—
2017	Huynh and Kim [147]	PSC girder	Laboratory	PZT	Anchorage plate	Proposing an effective frequency shift-based algorithm to filter temperature effects	—
2018	Huynh et al. [148]	PSC girder	Laboratory	PZT	Anchorage plate	Proposing a PCA-based algorithm to filter temperature effects	—
2018	Huynh and Kim [149]	PSC girder	Laboratory	PZT	Anchorage plate	Proposing an RBFN-based algorithm to monitor prestress change under temperature variation	—
2019	Ryu et al. [150]	Steel strand	Laboratory	PZT	Surface of the strand	Proposing a novel wearable PZT interface to monitor prestress change	—
2020	Dang et al. [151]	Multiple steel strands	Laboratory	PZT	Anchorage plate	Determining optimal locations of PZT sensors for prestress monitoring	—
2021	Dang et al. [152]	Multiple steel strands	Laboratory	PZT	Anchorage plate	Designing a hoop-type PZT interface	—
2021	Le et al. [153]	PSC girder	Laboratory	PZT	Surface of the strand	Presenting a smart strand prepared by embedding inexpensive and high-sensitivity EMI sensor	—