Pounding Mitigation Design and Real-Time Hybrid Simulation for a Novel Viscous Damper Applied in Bridges

Table 1

Main parameters of the model.

Parameters	Descriptions	Values
Kn	Stiffness of laminated rubber bearings	1.91 × 10^4 kN/m
Cn	Damping coefficient, calculated by the damping ratio of 5%	346 kN/(m/s)
Mn	Mass of superstructure	630 t
f	Fundamental frequency	0.876 Hz
Cve	Pure viscous element of the viscous damper	354 kN/(m/s)^0.5
Kcw	Stiffness of the cylinder wall	1 × 10^5 kN/m
Gapcw/Hookcw	The available stroke	±0.1 m
Hysteresismr	Hysteretic element of metal rubber, which can be calculated according to equation (2) and the dimensions of metal rubber. The initial dimensions of the metal rubber are 12 cm × 12 cm × 6 cm	—
Gapmr/Hookmr	Equal to 0.6 times the available stroke	±0.06 m