Innovative Approach to Dam Deformation Analysis: Integration of VMD, Fractal Theory, and WOA-DELM

Table 2

Results from fractal theory analysis.

	IMF1	IMF2	IMF3	IMF4	IMF5	IMF6	IMF7	IMF overall
Hurst index	0.642	0.644	0.643	0.641	0.636	0.626	0.628	0.638
Katz dimension	0.349	0.385	0.372	0.367	0.371	0.384	0.385	0.403