Innovative Approach to Dam Deformation Analysis: Integration of VMD, Fractal Theory, and WOA-DELM

Table 3

Parameter settings for the WOA-DELM model.

Parameter	Value
ELM-AE hidden layer	(60, 60, 60)
Activation function	“Sig”
C	Inf
Population size	30
Maximum number of iterations	20
Lower bound	−1
Upper bound	1