Onychomycosis: Potential of Nail Lacquers in Transungual Delivery of Antifungals

Table 3

Topical drug delivery via several other carriers for the treatment of onychomycosis.

Drug	System	Concluding remarks	Reference
Ciclopirox	Gel	Enhanced permeation into the nail	[13]
Terbinafine	Transfersomes	Significant antifungal activity	[14]
Itraconazole	Microemulsion gel	Microemulsion based gel exhibited better retention, penetration, and antifungal activity	[15]
Fluconazole	Microemulsion gel	Better antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger as compared to the commercial gel	[16]
Ciclopirox	Nanoemulsion gel	Better retention ability was observed for nanoemulsion based gel	[17]
Terbinafine-HCl	Liposomes/ethosomes	Effective formulations for ungual delivery, suggesting that liposome based poloxamer gel formulation could be a potential carrier for ungual drug delivery	[18]
Ciclopirox	Formulation based on lipid diffusion enhancers	Effective in the topical treatment of onychomycosis	[19]
Clotrimazole	Nanoemulsion gel	Effective antifungal activity against Candida albicans	[20]
Ciclopirox	Poloxamer; 407-based; formulations	Permeation coefficient from P407-based formulations was higher in comparison to the nail lacquer	[21]
Efinaconazole	Solution	Effective transungual delivery of efinaconazole	[22]
Terbinafine-HCl	Liposomal film	Liposomal film based formulation showed better antifungal activity on fungal infected nails	[23]
Sertaconazole	Nail penetration enhancer containing nanovesicles (nPEVs)	1.4-fold higher hydration and drug uptake enhancement into nail clippings showed significantly higher zone of inhibition for Trichophyton rubrum than the marketed cream	[24]