Effects of Cadmium and Zinc on the Gamete Viability, Fertilization, and Embryonic Development of Tripneustes gratilla (Linnaeus)

Figure 5

The embryonic development of T. gratilla. Normal development observed starting from 2-cell up to 2-arm echinopluteus on the control (filtered seawater; a–e) and abnormalities in the embryos observed under the highest nongametotoxic concentrations of CdCl₂ (f–j) and ZnSO₄ (k–o).

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