Enhancement of Mycophenolate Mofetil Permeation for Topical Use by Eucalyptol and N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone
Table 2
The skin permeation flux, ER, and lag time of MMF and MPA at various concentrations of eucalyptol and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
No enhancer
Eucalyptol (% w/v)
MMF 300 μg/mL
2.5
5
10
20
Flux (μg/h/cm2)
Lag time (h)
Flux (μg/h/cm2)
ER
Lag time (h)
Flux (μg/h/cm2)
ER
Lag time (h)
Flux (μg/h/cm2)
ER
Lag time (h)
Flux (μg/h/cm2)
ER
Lag time (h)
MMF
0.23 ± 0.05
12
0.65 ± 0.06
2.79
2
0.65 ± 0.05
2.75
2
0.81 ± 0.18
3.44
2
0.17 ± 0.12
0.74
2
MPA
0.78 ± 0.03
6
1.36 ± 0.18
1.74
2
1.32 ± 0.28
1.69
2
0.69 ± 0.04
0.88
2
0.37 ± 0.06
0.47
2
No enhancer
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (% w/v)
MMF 300 μg/mL
2.5
5
10
20
Flux (μg/h/cm2)
Lag time (h)
Flux (μg/h/cm2)
ER
Lag time (h)
Flux (μg/h/cm2)
ER
Lag time (h)
Flux (μg/h/cm2)
ER
Lag time (h)
Flux (μg/h/cm2)
ER
Lag time (h)
MMF
0.23 ± 0.05
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.14 ± 0.03
0.62
6
0
0
0
MPA
0.78 ± 0.03
6
0.80 ± 0.45
1.02
2
0.43 ± 0.20
0.55
4
0.28 ± 0.19
0.36
4
0.28 ± 0.31
0.31
4
Results are expressed as the mean ± SD of at least three experiments. There were the significant different values of skin permeation flux of MMF and MPA, and , respectively, when compared with no enhancer of 300 μg/mL MMF solution in each drug.
