Socioeconomic Characteristics Influencing Level of Awareness of Aflatoxin Contamination of Feeds among Livestock Farmers in Meru District of Tanzania

Table 5

Crude association between socioeconomic characteristics and feed aflatoxin awareness variables.

Socio-economic characteristics	Having heard about aflatoxin(s)		Perceiving aflatoxin presence in feeds		Being able to detect feed mould		Perceiving aflatoxin detoxification in feeds
	COR (95% CI)	value	COR (95% CI)	value	COR (95% CI)	value	COR (95% CI)	value
Gender
Female	2.1 (1.1–4.2)	0.04	1.0 (0.6–1.7)	0.87	1.2 (1.3–4.2)	0.82	2.1 (1.0–4.3)	0.42
Male (r)
Respondents’ age
≤45 yrs	1.1 (0.6–2.1)	0.81	1.5 (0.9–2.4)	0.12	4.6 (1.0–22.7)	0.06	1.0 (0.9–3.7)	0.10
>45 yrs (r)
Level of education
High	6.4 (2.8–14.9)	0.00	2.0 (1.2–3.3)	0.01	2.2 (0.5–11.0)	0.32	1.4 (0.7–2.9)	0.40
Low (r)
Stage of education
≤secondary (r)
Secondary	3.3 (1.0–10.7)	0.05	2.0 (1.2–3.4)	0.01	2.9 (0.6–14.3)	0.19	1.6 (0.7–3.5)	0.24
Tertiary	7.7 (3.2–18.6)	0.00	1.7 (1.1–2.8)	0.03	4.1 (0.8–19.9)	0.08	1.7 (0.8–3.4)	0.15
Field of specialization
Life/social sc.	5.8 (2.7–12.60)	0.00	1.8 (1.1–2.9)	0.03	1.8 (0.4–7.2)	0.44	1.3 (0.6–2.7)	0.46
None/other fields (r)
Employment category
Formal	4.7 (2.2–9.7)	0.00	1.5 (0.9–2.5)	0.09	4.8 (1.0–23.5)	0.05	2.5 (1.2–5.1)	0.14
Informal (r)
Occupation
Farming (r)
Nonfarming	4.3 (2.0–9.1)	0.00	1.6 (1.0–2.7)	0.05	3.1 (0.6–15.4)	0.16	2.3 (1.1–4.8)	0.03
Animal keeping experience
≤10 yrs	1.4 (0.7–2.8)	0.35	1.9 (1.1–3.1)	0.01	1.7 (0.4–6.9)	0.45	2.9 (1.4–6.3)	0.01
>10 yrs (r)
Location (wards)
Ambureni (r)
Imbaseny	7.0 (2.0–25.0)	0.00	0.2 (0.1–0.55)	0.00	2.8 (0.3–22.8)	0.34	1.7 (0.4–7.0)	0.48

COR: crude odd ratio; (r): reference.