Melissopalynological Study, Phenolic Compounds, and Antioxidant Properties of Heterotrigona itama Honey from Johor, Malaysia

Table 1

Pollen spectra and frequency classes of the pollen types in honey produced by Heterotrigona itama species in Johor, Malaysia.

Plant family	Pollen type	Honey samples/frequency classes
		K01	K02	K03	K04	K05	K06
Acanthaceae	Asystasia intrusa			(2.0)	(2.0)		(3.0)
	Avicennia alba		(14.0)
Arecaceae	Elaeis guineensis			(12.0)			(21.0)
	Cocos nucifera		(67.0)
	Nypa fruticans		(3.0)
Asteraceae	Bidens pilosa				(1.0)		(12.0)
	Mikania cordata	(2.0)
Bombacaceae	Durio zibethinus					(15.0)
Clusiaceae	Garcinia prainiana	(14.0)
Euphorbiaceae	Hevea brasiliensis				(17.0)
Fabaceae	Acacia mangium	(28.0)				(2.0)
	Robinia pseudoacacia	(34.0)
	Peltophorum pterocarpum				(1.0)
	Erythrina orientalis				(8.0)	(11.0)
	Calliandra portoricensis					(2.0)
	Mimosa scabrella	(7.0)			(13.0)
	Mimosa bimucronata
Moringaceae	Moringa pterygosperma	(28.0)
Muntingiaceae	Muntingia calabura	(20.0)
Myrtaceae	Psidium guajava		(1.0)
	Syzygium jambos				(19.0)	(8.0)
	Eucalyptus						(2.0)
Passifloraceae	Turnera subulata						(10.0)
Polygonaceae	Antigonon leptopus						(20.0)
Rhizophoraceae	Rhizophora mucronata			(50.0)
Sapindaceae	Nephelium lappaceum					(1.0)
Undetermined				(16.0)	(8.0)	(14.0)	(2.0)
Pollen

Frequency classes: (i) predominant pollen, PP (>45%); secondary pollen, SP (16%–45%); important minor pollen, IP (3%–15%); minor pollen, MP (<3%).