Melissopalynological Study, Phenolic Compounds, and Antioxidant Properties of Heterotrigona itama Honey from Johor, Malaysia

Table 2

Antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP) of H. itama honey from different plant sources in Johor, Malaysia.

Plant sources	Sample code	Honey extract/antioxidant activity
		Methanol extract			Water extract
		DPPH	ABTS	FRAP	DPPH	ABTS	FRAP
		% inhibition	% inhibition	μM Fe (II)/100 g	% inhibition	% inhibition	μM Fe (II)/100 g
Multifloral	K01	40.65 ± 0.89^a	29.54 ± 0.74^a	455.80 ± 8.00^a	44.41 ± 0.52^b	27.94 ± 1.53^a	299.80 ± 0.29^a
Unifloral	K02	66.30 ± 0.27^b	42.79 ± 0.78^b	847.80 ± 10.83^a	63.28 ± 0.44^a	44.29 ± 2.89^b	739.80 ± 1.85^b
Unifloral	K03	74.03 ± 1.44^a	65.02 ± 0.18^c	1401.80 ± 5.18^a	66.78 ± 3.63^a	65.77 ± 1.24^c	1175.80 ± 2.38^a
Multifloral	K04	26.67 ± 0.93^c	19.07 ± 0.49^d	309.80 ± 2.23^a	25.31 ± 0.42^c	20.12 ± 1.98^d	269.80 ± 0.34^a
Multifloral	K05	32.27 ± 0.01^a	29.73 ± 0.98^e	425.80 ± 2.39^a	41.35 ± 0.89^d	28.98 ± 0.08^e	375.80 ± 1.81^a
Multifloral	K06	65.64 ± 0.11^d	44.89 ± 0.96^f	931.80 ± 1.12^a	49.82 ± 0.96^e	45.35 ± 1.61^f	749.80 ± 4.57^c
Tualang	K07	25.72 ± 0.44^e	18.77 ± 1.06^g	283.80 ± 0.42^a	20.97 ± 2.39^c	15.61 ± 3.41^g	461.80 ± 1.36^a

Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Different lowercase letters (a, b, c) in the same column indicate significant differences () between honey from different plant sources with antioxidant activity according to Tukey’s test.