Prevalence of Spina Bifida among Newborns in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

The characteristics of original studies included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, 2020.

First author	Year	Country	Study design	Sample size	Duration (months)	Prevalence (%)	JBI quality status
Gedefaw et al. [3]	2018	Ethiopia	Cross-sectional	8,677	7	0.460	Low risk
Nasri [4]	2014	Tunisia	Cross-sectional	3,803,889	240	0.008	Low risk
Anyanwu et al. [5]	2015	Nigeria	Cross-sectional	1,456	9	0.140	Low risk
Houcher et al. [6]	2008	Algeria	Cross-sectional	28,500	36	0.430	Low risk
Nasri [7]	2015	Tunisia	Cross-sectional	827,113	48	0.003	Low risk
Berihu et al. [8]	2018	Ethiopia	Cross-sectional	14,903	9	0.640	Low risk
Taye et al. [9]	2019	Ethiopia	Cross-sectional	76,201	6	0.350	Low risk
Abebe et al. [10]	2020	Ethiopia	Cross-sectional	45,951	60	0.070	Low risk
Nnadi and Singh [11]	2016	Nigeria	Prospective	10,163	36	0.020	Low risk
Estifanos et al. [12]	2017	Eritrea	Cross-sectional	39,803	24	0.070	Low risk
Legesse et al. [13]	2019	Ethiopia	Prospective	956	7	0.100	Low risk
Nasri [7]	2015	Tunisia	Cross-sectional	764,431	48	0.016	Low risk
Ahuka et al. [27]	2006	DR of Congo	Cross-sectional	8,824	96	0.068	Low risk
Omer et al. [28]	2016	Sudan	Cross-sectional	36,785	12	0.005	Low risk
Alhassan et al. [29]	2017	Ghana	Cross-sectional	35,426	48	0.060	Low risk
Airede [30]	1992	Nigeria	Prospective	5,977	36	0.067	Low risk
Ekanem et al. [31]	2008	Nigeria	Cross-sectional	127,929	276	0.037	Low risk
Singh and Al-Sudani [32]	2000	Libya	Prospective	15,938	12	0.006	Low risk
Mohammed et al. [33]	2011	Egypt	Cross-sectional	5,000	7	0.100	Low risk
Njamnshi et al. [34]	2008	Cameron	Cross-sectional	52,710	120	0.123	Low risk
Sayed et al. [35]	2008	South Africa	Prospective	53,000	9	0.054	Low risk
Anyebuno et al. [36]	1993	Ghana	Cross-sectional	19,094	24	0.031	Low risk
Msamati et al. [37]	2000	Malawi	Cross-sectional	25,562	24	0.063	Low risk
Venter et al. [38]	1995	South Africa	Prospective	10,380	40	0.158	Low risk
Buccimazza et al. [39]	1994	South Africa	Cross-sectional	516,252	240	0.078	Low risk
Kinasha and Manji [40]	2003	Tanzania	Cross-sectional	34,000	24	0.261	Low risk
Elsheikh and Ibrahim [41]	2009	Sudan	Prospective	18,378	12	0.163	Low risk

Cross-sectional study design with the retrospective record review.