Adoption and Impact of the Maize Hybrid on the Livelihood of the Maize Growers: Some Policy Insights from Pakistan

Table 1

Data and description of variables.

Characteristics	Description	Mean	Std. dev.
Demographic and household
Age of farmer	Age of the farmer (in number of years)	42.53	10.54
Family size	Total number of family members	11.09	4.25
Family system	1 if the households are living in a joint family	0.86	0.39
Marital status	1 if the respondent is married, 0 otherwise	0.56	0.44
Education and experience
Education of farmer	Schooling of the farmer (in years)	9.70	4.42
Farming experience	Farming experience (in number of years)	19.10	10.21
Experience in growing maize	Experience in growing maize (in number of years)	16.64	9.24
Farm and household assets
Tenancy (farmer status)	1 if farmer is owner, 0 for tenant	0.68	0.35
Land owned	Land owned (in number of acres)	14.23	30.54
Land rental (PKR/acre)	Average land rental charges (in pakistani rupees per acre per year)	32,935	8080
Tractor	1 if household owns a tractor, 0 otherwise	0.46	0.51
Tubewell	1 if the tubewell is owned by the household, 0 otherwise	0.33	0.38
Television	1 if the household has television, 0 otherwise	0.91	0.28
Zt drill	1 if household own zero tillage drill, 0 otherwise	0.01	0.11
Car	1 if household own car, 0 otherwise	0.20	0.16
Access to infrastructure and institutions
Metal road	1 if there is a metal road in the village, 0 otherwise	0.88	0.32
Basic health unit	1 if there is a basic health unit in the village, 0 otherwise	0.36	0.39
Agri. Extension	1 if the farmer receives agricultural extension services, 0 otherwise	0.07	0.12
Province (location)
Punjab	1 if the respondent is from Punjab, 0 otherwise	0.34	0.27
Sindh	1 if the respondent is from sindh, 0 otherwise	0.33	0.26
KPK	1 if the respondent is from KP, 0 otherwise	0.33	0.26
Balochistan	1 if the respondent is from balochistan, 0 otherwise	0.10	0.09
Household income	Income of the household in pakistani rupees	24850	1236
OPV yield	OPV yield in tons per hectares	5.7	4.2
Hybrid yield	Hybrid yield in tons per hectares	7.6	6.8
Poverty	Headcount index of poverty	0.08	0.05

Note. The results , , indicates that there are significant differences between the adopters and nonadopters.