Adoption and Impact of the Maize Hybrid on the Livelihood of the Maize Growers: Some Policy Insights from Pakistan
Table 6
Impact of hybrid adoption on maize yield, household income and poverty levels.
Matching algorithms
Outcome
Caliper
ATT
t-values
Critical level of hidden bias
Nos of treated
Nos of control
NNM
Maize yield
0.01
2.41
2.37
1.25–1.30
234
467
Household income
0.03
2176
1.92
1.50–1.55
234
467
Poverty
0.08
–0.03
2.14
1.05–1.10
234
467
KBM
Maize yield
0.05
2.35
2.50
1.30–1.35
316
425
Household income
0.001
3122
2.13
1.65–1.70
316
425
Poverty
0.003
–0.02
1.87
1.25–1.30
316
425
RM
Maize yield
0.002
3.11
2.62
1.15–1.20
289
403
Household income
0.003
3518
2.66
1.20–1.25
289
403
Poverty
0.002
–0.03
1.22
–
289
403
MMM
Maize yield
0.004
2.62
3.05
1.35–1.40
240
367
Household income
0.002
2936
2.04
1.25–1.30
240
367
Poverty
0.07
–0.03
2.15
1.25–1.30
240
367
Note. NNM stands for the nearest neighbor matching, KBM stands for the kernel based matching, RM stands for the radius matching, MMM stands for the Mahalanobis metric matching. ATT stands for the average treatment affect for the treated. The results are significant at ,, 1, 5 and 10 percent levels respectively.
