The Optimization of Medium Conditions and Auxins in the Induction of Adventitious Roots of Pokeweed (Phytolacca americana L.) and Their Phytochemical Constituents

Table 2

Phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity by DPPH assay of pokeweed adventitious roots impacted by medium states and supplemented PGRs.

Treatment	Yield percentage (%)			TPC (μg GAE/mg DW)			TFC (μg QE/mg DW)
	Semisolid	Liquid		Semisolid	Liquid		Semisolid		Liquid
Wild pokeroots	15.59 ± 0.33^de			1.94 ± 0.02^h			0.75 ± 0.01^e
Control	ND	ND		ND	ND		ND		ND
NAA (mg/L)
0.5	11.98 ± 0.19^e	45.06 ± 0.70^a		0.85 ± 0.02^j	8.74 ± 0.07^c		0.62 ± 0.02^e		2.88 ± 0.28^b
1	16.04 ± 0.31^d	45.63 ± 0.96^a		1.42 ± 0.00^i	9.96 ± 0.09^a		0.75 ± 0.05^e		2.84 ± 0.06^b
2	30.66 ± 0.50^c	35.84 ± 1.51^b		3.87 ± 0.05^g	9.10 ± 0.09^b		2.18 ± 0.05^c		2.19 ± 0.29^c
4	14.97 ± 0.60^de	ND		1.97 ± 0.01^h	ND		1.09 ± 0.01^de		ND
IBA (mg/L)
0.5	35.87 ± 2.64^b	ND		6.30 ± 0.04^d	ND		4.66 ± 0.08^a		ND
1	28.52 ± 2.02^c	ND		4.86 ± 0.04^f	ND		1.25 ± 0.02^d		ND
2	30.62 ± 1.80^c	ND		6.32 ± 0.07^d	ND		2.30 ± 0.38^c		ND
4	28.98 ± 0.76^c	ND		5.88 ± 0.08^e	ND		1.41 ± 0.11^d		ND
Treatment	TSC (μg OAE/mg DW)					IC50 of DPPH (μg/ml)
	Semisolid		Liquid			Semisolid		Liquid
Wild pokeroots	18.00 ± 0.07^g					>1280
Control	ND		ND			ND		ND
NAA (mg/L)
0.5	14.89 ± 0.04^h		36.66 ± 0.43^b			>1280		1013.79 ± 1.78^b
1	18.89 ± 0.22^f		39.35 ± 0.09^a			>1280		1045.13 ± 49.99^b
2	33.84 ± 0.27^c		24.24 ± 0.08^d			>1280		753.46 ± 1.33^c
4	19.40 ± 0.07^f		ND			>1280		ND
IBA (mg/L)
0.5	17.96 ± 0.27^g		ND			>1280		ND
1	18.17 ± 0.08^g		ND			>1280		ND
2	18.89 ± 0.32^f		ND			1208.86 ± 2.77^a		ND
4	20.58 ± 0.45^e		ND			>1280		ND

Data are expressed as mean ± SE. Significant differences between means were determined by two-way ANOVA and the least significant difference test (). ND denotes not detected. Different letters (a, b, c, …) represent significant differences in both semisolid and liquid columns (). The asterisk () indicates means that are out of the linearity range.