Research Article
Temporomandibular Disorders among Dental Students in Pakistan: Assessment of Prevalence, Severity, and Associated Factors Based on Questionnaire
Table 3
TMD score and its relationship with medical and dental history and dental treatments among the study participants.
| Medical history (N = 266) | N (%) | Mean TMD score |
| Arthritis | 16 (6.0) | 72.81 ± 32.19 | Psychological stress | 79 (29.6) | 31.83 ± 20.76 | Trauma to head | 10 (3.8) | 41.0 ± 27.67 | Musculoskeletal disease | 10 (3.8) | 40.50 ± 29.29 | Sleep disorder | 32 (12.0) | 35.78 ± 26.67 | Others | 17 (6.4) | 25.85 ± 21.11 |
| Dental history (N = 185) | | | Malocclusion | 37 (20.0) | 59.46 ± 31.09 | Hypersensitivity | 36 (19.5) | 39.72 ± 23.54 | Bruxism (grinding of teeth) | 9 (4.9) | 26.11 ± 25.47 | Bad breath (oral malodor) | 13 (7.0) | 34.61 ± 23.67 | Bleeding gums | 37 (20.0) | 24.46 ± 17.11 | Difficulty in biting | 12 (6.5) | 39.16 ± 29.53 | Pain in teeth or gums | 41 (22.2) | 32.44 ± 22.67 |
| Dental treatment received (N = 245) | | | Orthodontic treatment | 42 (17.1) | 53.21 ± 34.21 | Crown and bridge | 21 (8.6) | 48.57 ± 22.70 | Dentures | 5 (2.0) | 45.0 ± 39.37 | Fillings | 43 (17.6) | 33.14 ± 23.27 | Root canal treatment | 13 (5.3) | 35.38 ± 19.94 | Extraction | 27 (11) | 30.0 ± 21.57 | Scaling | 40 (16.3) | 24.60 ± 17.83 | Others | 54 (22.0) | 25.92 ± 18.38 |
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