Research Article

Temporomandibular Disorders among Dental Students in Pakistan: Assessment of Prevalence, Severity, and Associated Factors Based on Questionnaire

Table 3

TMD score and its relationship with medical and dental history and dental treatments among the study participants.

Medical history (N = 266)N (%)Mean TMD score

Arthritis16 (6.0)72.81 ± 32.19
Psychological stress79 (29.6)31.83 ± 20.76
Trauma to head10 (3.8)41.0 ± 27.67
Musculoskeletal disease10 (3.8)40.50 ± 29.29
Sleep disorder32 (12.0)35.78 ± 26.67
Others17 (6.4)25.85 ± 21.11

Dental history (N=185)
Malocclusion37 (20.0)59.46 ± 31.09
Hypersensitivity36 (19.5)39.72 ± 23.54
Bruxism (grinding of teeth)9 (4.9)26.11 ± 25.47
Bad breath (oral malodor)13 (7.0)34.61 ± 23.67
Bleeding gums37 (20.0)24.46 ± 17.11
Difficulty in biting12 (6.5)39.16 ± 29.53
Pain in teeth or gums41 (22.2)32.44 ± 22.67

Dental treatment received (N=245)
Orthodontic treatment42 (17.1)53.21 ± 34.21
Crown and bridge21 (8.6)48.57 ± 22.70
Dentures5 (2.0)45.0 ± 39.37
Fillings43 (17.6)33.14 ± 23.27
Root canal treatment13 (5.3)35.38 ± 19.94
Extraction27 (11)30.0 ± 21.57
Scaling40 (16.3)24.60 ± 17.83
Others54 (22.0)25.92 ± 18.38