A Comprehensive Exploration of the Fatty Acids Profile, Cholesterol, and Tocopherols Levels in Liver from Laying Hens Fed Diets Containing Nonindustrial Hemp Seed

Table 3

Effect of dietary hemp seed on fatty acids profile (% total FA) in liver.

Fatty acids	Group				SEM	value
	Control	HS-10	HS-20	HS-30
C14:0	0.285^d	0.208^c	0.124^a	0.152^b	0.003	<0.001
C15:0	0.077^b	0.066^a	0.084^c	0.114^d	0.001	<0.001
C16:0	23.65^c	22.45^b	18.85^a	19.11^a	0.198	<0.001
C16:1	1.716^a	1.178^b	0.683^c	0.735^c	0.017	<0.001
C18:0	14.35^a	14.32^a	19.26^c	17.44^b	0.103	<0.001
C18:1	27.94^a	25.31^c	21.18^d	21.46^d	0.057	<0.001
C18:2n-6	22.60^a	25.75^c	24.84^d	26.33^bc	0.099	<0.001
C18:3n-6	0.099^a	0.111^b	0.143^c	0.183^d	0.001	<0.001
C18:3n-3	0.942^a	1.905^c	1.758^b	2.528^d	0.016	<0.001
C20:0	0.041	0.021	0.054	0.038	0.018	0.229
C21:0	0.181^b	0.123^a	0.12^a	0.091^a	0.011	<0.001
C20:3n-6	0.426^a	0.438^a	0.749^b	0.683^b	0.021	<0.001
C20:4n-6	5.919^b	5.288^a	7.936^c	7.503^c	0.102	<0.001
C20:3n-3	0.041^a	0.049^a	0.078^ab	0.143^b	0.017	<0.001
EPA	0.069	0.095	0.098	0.117	0.014	0.076
C24:0	0.034^b	0.038^b	0.016^a	0.021^a	0.002	<0.001
DHA	1.633^a	2.671^b	4.028^d	3.353^c	0.094	<0.001
SFA	38.62^c	37.22^ab	38.51^bc	36.96^a	0.277	0.001
UFA	61.38^a	62.78^bc	61.49^ab	63.04^c	0.277	0.001
MUFA	29.66^d	26.47^c	21.86^a	22.21^b	0.064	<0.001
PUFA	31.73^a	36.31^b	39.63^c	40.84^c	0.277	<0.001
n-3	2.684^a	4.721^b	5.962^c	6.141^c	0.109	<0.001
n-6	29.04^a	31.59^b	33.67^c	34.70^d	0.195	<0.001
n-6/n-3	10.88^a	6.691^b	5.648^b	5.651^b	0.364	<0.001

SFA, saturated fatty acids; UFA, unsaturated fatty acids MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; n-6: polyunsaturated fatty acids n-6; n-3: polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3; SEM, standard error of the mean; significance. ^abcdMean marked with a different superscript letter within each row are significantly different.