An SDN-Based Fingerprint Hopping Method to Prevent Fingerprinting Attacks

Table 1

Output of the fingerprinting tools Nmap and p0f.

OS of the target host	⁢Running FPH		⁢No defense mechanism
	Nmap	p0f	Nmap	p0f
Windows XP	N	N	Y	N
Windows 7	N	N	Y	Y
Windows 10	N	N	Y	YF
Ubuntu 10.10	N	NF	Y	Y
Ubuntu 11.10	N	N	Y	Y
Ubuntu 14.04	N	NF	Y	N

N: attacker fails to fingerprint the target host. NF: attacker falsely identifies the OS. Y: attacker succeeds to identify the OS. YF: attacker succeeds to identify the OS type but falsely identify the OS version.