Combinatorial Spectrum E-Auction for 5G Heterogeneous Networks: A Zether-Based Approach

Table 3

Comparison of different auction schemes in gas consumption among twenty bidders.

Stages	Consumption in gas
	SAFE [11]	CREAM [8]	Ours
Registration	455395	2357366	262286
Allocation	0	396742	1279664
Clearing	1955742	91442	750200
Total	2411137	2845550	2292150