AVoD: Advanced Verify-on-Demand for Efficient Authentication against DoS Attacks in V2X Communication

Table 1

Crash-imminent scenarios and its safety applications [9].

Crash scenario	Safety applications
Lead vehicle stopped	FCW
Lead vehicle decelerating	EEBL
	FCW
Control loss without prior vehicle action	CLW
Vehicle turning at nonsignalized junctions	IMA
	LTA
Straight crossing paths at nonsignalized junctions	IMA
Vehicle) changing lanes—same direction	BSW/LCW
Left turn across path—opposite direction	LTA