Covert Communication Scheme Based on Bitcoin Transaction Mechanism

Table 8

Embedding mechanism.

Scheme	Carrier	Capacity (single transaction)	Concealment
Amount field [17]	Amount field	16 bits	Weak
BLOOCE [18]	Least significant bit of address	1 bit	Strong
Kleptography [21]	OP_RETURN	80 bytes	Weak
V-BLOOCE [22]	The last character of the address	log258 bits	Strong
BLOOCE+ [23]	The last α bits of the address	α bits	Strong
Ours	Public key hash	120 bits	Strong