A Camouflage Text-Based Password Approach for Mobile Devices against Shoulder-Surfing Attack

Table 1

Summarizing the proposed defense techniques.

Defense technique	Keys
	Activation	Deactivation
Type 1	Included in the camouflage characters with the same length
Type 2	Included in the camouflage characters with different lengths
Type 3	Independent from the camouflage characters, and each has only one digit