A Shilling Group Detection Framework Based on Deep Learning Techniques

Table 2

Notations.

Notations	Descriptions
U	Set of users
I	Set of items
u	A user
i	An item
R	User rating matrix
X	User feature matrix
rui	Rating of user u for item i
tui	Rating time of user u for item i
URIu	Set of items rated by user u
rmax	The maximum rating allowed in the dataset
	Number of elements in the set