[Retracted] Provable Secure and Lightweight Vehicle Message Broadcasting Authentication Protocol with Privacy Protection for VANETs

Table 1

Notations and descriptions.

Notations	Descriptions
	Trusted authority
	The vehicle
	Real identity and biometricinformation of
	Pseudonym identity of
	Private and public key of
	Random integers
	Timestamps
	The session key between vehicles
	Secure one-way hash functions
	Concatenation
	XOR operation
	The symmetric encryption/decryption function