[Retracted] Provable Secure and Lightweight Vehicle Message Broadcasting Authentication Protocol with Privacy Protection for VANETs

Table 2

Security comparison.

Functionality features	Tsai et al. [11]	Wu et al. [21]	Nandy et al. [22]	Meng et al. [23]	Li et al. [24]	Ours
Resist impersonation attack	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Resist message modification	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Conditional privacy preservation	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes
Resist replay attack	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes
Man-in-the-middle attack	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Mutual authentication	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
Unlinkability	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes
Perfect forward security	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Resist physical attack	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes
Anonymity	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes