[Retracted] Provable Secure and Lightweight Vehicle Message Broadcasting Authentication Protocol with Privacy Protection for VANETs

Table 3

Computational cost comparison.

Protocol	Authentication phase (ms)				Communication phase
	Vehiclei	RSU	Vehiclej	Time cost
Tsai et al. [11]				38.162
Wu et al. [21]				0.672
Nandy et al. [22]		—		15.634
Meng et al. [23]		—		36.224
Li et al. [24]		—		31.188
Ours		—		31.318