A Power Transformer Fault Prediction Method through Temporal Convolutional Network on Dissolved Gas Chromatography Data

<table class="table-group" id="tab3"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Gas</td><td class="align_center">Threshold</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left"><span style="width: 15.0414ptpx;"><svg height="11.7065pt" id="M20" style="vertical-align:-3.18152pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.52498 15.0414 11.7065" width="15.0414pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M729 650H468V622C546 615 554 610 554 527V365H213V527C213 610 221 616 297 622V650H38V622C120 616 128 611 128 527V123C128 39 120 34 40 28V0H303V28C221 34 213 40 213 123V322H554V123C554 39 546 34 460 28V0H728V28C647 34 639 39 639 123V527C639 610 647 615 729 622V650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.995,3.132)"><path d="M414 144C384 79 371 75 317 75H135L276 221C367 316 408 376 408 465C408 570 327 635 237 635C179 635 131 609 100 575L42 494L67 471C94 510 138 565 205 565C277 565 321 517 321 435C321 348 258 270 195 195C146 137 88 81 33 26V0H411C423 44 433 88 446 135L414 144Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">10000</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left"><span style="width: 28.6653ptpx;"><svg height="11.9348pt" id="M21" style="vertical-align:-3.18146pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.75334 28.6653 11.9348" width="28.6653pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M614 175C564 76 510 21 408 21C256 21 146 149 146 336C146 488 235 629 402 629C510 629 570 586 597 480L626 488C620 541 614 582 606 638C578 643 510 665 429 665C206 665 44 527 44 316C44 157 153 -15 402 -15C474 -15 558 5 586 11C604 45 629 119 643 165L614 175Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.677,3.132)"><path d="M414 144C384 79 371 75 317 75H135L276 221C367 316 408 376 408 465C408 570 327 635 237 635C179 635 131 609 100 575L42 494L67 471C94 510 138 565 205 565C277 565 321 517 321 435C321 348 258 270 195 195C146 137 88 81 33 26V0H411C423 44 433 88 446 135L414 144Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,13.624,0)"><path d="M729 650H468V622C546 615 554 610 554 527V365H213V527C213 610 221 616 297 622V650H38V622C120 616 128 611 128 527V123C128 39 120 34 40 28V0H303V28C221 34 213 40 213 123V322H554V123C554 39 546 34 460 28V0H728V28C647 34 639 39 639 123V527C639 610 647 615 729 622V650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,23.619,3.132)"><path d="M414 144C384 79 371 75 317 75H135L276 221C367 316 408 376 408 465C408 570 327 635 237 635C179 635 131 609 100 575L42 494L67 471C94 510 138 565 205 565C277 565 321 517 321 435C321 348 258 270 195 195C146 137 88 81 33 26V0H411C423 44 433 88 446 135L414 144Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">10000</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left"><span style="width: 28.6653ptpx;"><svg height="11.9348pt" id="M22" style="vertical-align:-3.18146pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.75334 28.6653 11.9348" width="28.6653pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M614 175C564 76 510 21 408 21C256 21 146 149 146 336C146 488 235 629 402 629C510 629 570 586 597 480L626 488C620 541 614 582 606 638C578 643 510 665 429 665C206 665 44 527 44 316C44 157 153 -15 402 -15C474 -15 558 5 586 11C604 45 629 119 643 165L614 175Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.677,3.132)"><path d="M414 144C384 79 371 75 317 75H135L276 221C367 316 408 376 408 465C408 570 327 635 237 635C179 635 131 609 100 575L42 494L67 471C94 510 138 565 205 565C277 565 321 517 321 435C321 348 258 270 195 195C146 137 88 81 33 26V0H411C423 44 433 88 446 135L414 144Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,13.624,0)"><path d="M729 650H468V622C546 615 554 610 554 527V365H213V527C213 610 221 616 297 622V650H38V622C120 616 128 611 128 527V123C128 39 120 34 40 28V0H303V28C221 34 213 40 213 123V322H554V123C554 39 546 34 460 28V0H728V28C647 34 639 39 639 123V527C639 610 647 615 729 622V650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,23.619,3.132)"><path d="M462 177V227H365V632H320C217 496 116 350 21 208V177H284V109C284 43 280 38 190 31V0H451V31C369 38 365 43 365 108V177H462ZM284 227H88C155 336 218 430 282 519H284V227Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">5000</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left"><span style="width: 28.6653ptpx;"><svg height="12.0444pt" id="M23" style="vertical-align:-3.29106pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.75334 28.6653 12.0444" width="28.6653pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M614 175C564 76 510 21 408 21C256 21 146 149 146 336C146 488 235 629 402 629C510 629 570 586 597 480L626 488C620 541 614 582 606 638C578 643 510 665 429 665C206 665 44 527 44 316C44 157 153 -15 402 -15C474 -15 558 5 586 11C604 45 629 119 643 165L614 175Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.677,3.132)"><path d="M414 144C384 79 371 75 317 75H135L276 221C367 316 408 376 408 465C408 570 327 635 237 635C179 635 131 609 100 575L42 494L67 471C94 510 138 565 205 565C277 565 321 517 321 435C321 348 258 270 195 195C146 137 88 81 33 26V0H411C423 44 433 88 446 135L414 144Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,13.624,0)"><path d="M729 650H468V622C546 615 554 610 554 527V365H213V527C213 610 221 616 297 622V650H38V622C120 616 128 611 128 527V123C128 39 120 34 40 28V0H303V28C221 34 213 40 213 123V322H554V123C554 39 546 34 460 28V0H728V28C647 34 639 39 639 123V527C639 610 647 615 729 622V650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,23.619,3.132)"><path d="M141 347C171 480 264 541 327 570C364 587 403 599 436 605L429 641C389 634 339 622 300 609C191 570 37 458 37 239C37 86 126 -12 245 -12C367 -12 454 89 454 210C454 314 380 397 272 397C252 397 230 390 208 380L141 347ZM231 338C323 338 366 257 366 174C366 108 340 27 263 27C180 27 129 123 129 244C129 268 130 292 135 310C158 323 193 338 231 338Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">1000</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left"><span style="width: 23.7188ptpx;"><svg height="11.9348pt" id="M24" style="vertical-align:-3.18146pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.75334 23.7188 11.9348" width="23.7188pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M614 175C564 76 510 21 408 21C256 21 146 149 146 336C146 488 235 629 402 629C510 629 570 586 597 480L626 488C620 541 614 582 606 638C578 643 510 665 429 665C206 665 44 527 44 316C44 157 153 -15 402 -15C474 -15 558 5 586 11C604 45 629 119 643 165L614 175Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.645,0)"><path d="M729 650H468V622C546 615 554 610 554 527V365H213V527C213 610 221 616 297 622V650H38V622C120 616 128 611 128 527V123C128 39 120 34 40 28V0H303V28C221 34 213 40 213 123V322H554V123C554 39 546 34 460 28V0H728V28C647 34 639 39 639 123V527C639 610 647 615 729 622V650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,18.673,3.132)"><path d="M462 177V227H365V632H320C217 496 116 350 21 208V177H284V109C284 43 280 38 190 31V0H451V31C369 38 365 43 365 108V177H462ZM284 227H88C155 336 218 430 282 519H284V227Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">5000</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left"><span style="width: 18.6158ptpx;"><svg height="8.98583pt" id="M25" style="vertical-align:-0.2324905pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.75334 18.6158 8.98583" width="18.6158pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M614 175C564 76 510 21 408 21C256 21 146 149 146 336C146 488 235 629 402 629C510 629 570 586 597 480L626 488C620 541 614 582 606 638C578 643 510 665 429 665C206 665 44 527 44 316C44 157 153 -15 402 -15C474 -15 558 5 586 11C604 45 629 119 643 165L614 175Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.736,0)"><path d="M381 665C170 665 44 498 44 318C44 125 188 -15 369 -15C552 -15 703 117 703 333C703 534 550 665 381 665ZM359 629C491 629 601 517 601 306C601 114 502 21 390 21C249 21 146 158 146 346S248 629 359 629Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">10000</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left"><span style="width: 23.5622ptpx;"><svg height="11.9348pt" id="M26" style="vertical-align:-3.18146pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.75334 23.5622 11.9348" width="23.5622pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M614 175C564 76 510 21 408 21C256 21 146 149 146 336C146 488 235 629 402 629C510 629 570 586 597 480L626 488C620 541 614 582 606 638C578 643 510 665 429 665C206 665 44 527 44 316C44 157 153 -15 402 -15C474 -15 558 5 586 11C604 45 629 119 643 165L614 175Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.736,0)"><path d="M381 665C170 665 44 498 44 318C44 125 188 -15 369 -15C552 -15 703 117 703 333C703 534 550 665 381 665ZM359 629C491 629 601 517 601 306C601 114 502 21 390 21C249 21 146 158 146 346S248 629 359 629Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,18.516,3.132)"><path d="M414 144C384 79 371 75 317 75H135L276 221C367 316 408 376 408 465C408 570 327 635 237 635C179 635 131 609 100 575L42 494L67 471C94 510 138 565 205 565C277 565 321 517 321 435C321 348 258 270 195 195C146 137 88 81 33 26V0H411C423 44 433 88 446 135L414 144Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">20000</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="2"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

Security and Communication Networks

tab3

Table 3

Table 3: A Power Transformer Fault Prediction Method through Temporal Convolutional Network on Dissolved Gas Chromatography Data 