Security Threats to Voice Services in 5G Standalone Networks

Table 1

Summary of our findings on 5G voice service vulnerabilities and attacks.

Attack	OP-I	OP-II	OP-III	Vulnerability
A1	✓	✓	✓	EPS fallback
A2	✓	✓	✗	EPS fallback
A3	✗	✗	✓	EPS fallback, IMS server, IMS AKA