Risk Analysis of Distal Metastasis in Chondrosarcoma and the Development and Validation of a Novel Clinical Prediction Model: A Clinical Study Based on the SEER Database

Table 1

Univariate and multifactorial logistic regression analysis of risk factors for metastases in patients with chondrosarcoma.

Variables	Univariate OR (95% CI)	value	Multivariate OR (95% CI)	value
Age (years)	1.018 (1.002–1.035)	<0.05	1.005 (0.983–1.027)	0.656
Survival time (month)	0.959 (0.944–0.975)	<0.001	0.985 (0.965–1.005)	0.146
Race
White	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Black	1.337 (0.512–3.491)	0.553	—	—
Other	0.583 (0.138–2.467)	0.464	—	—
Sex
Male	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Female	0.275 (1.36–0.554)	<0.001	0.368 (0.150–0.901)	<0.05
Primary site
Limb bones	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Axis of a bone	1.569 (0.858–2.872)	0.144	—	—
Other	1.794 (0.580–5.554)	0.311	—	—
Grade
Well differentiated; grade I	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Moderately differentiated; grade II	4.897 (1.413–16.972)	<0.05	3.047 (0.689–13.474)	0.142
Poorly differentiated; grade III	15.267 (4.253–54.803)	<0.001	6.921 (1.410–33.983)	<0.05
Undifferentiated; anaplastic; grade IV	21.957 (4.935–97.697)	<0.001	3.006 (0.439–20.588)	0.262
Unknown	14.559 (4.162–50.923)	<0.001	6.216 (1.385–27.891)	<0.05
Laterality
Left	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Right	3.186 (1.533–6.622)	<0.01	2.674 (1.029–6.945)	<0.05
Other	2.384 (1.026–5.542)	<0.05	1.890 (0.584–6.115)	0.288
T
T1	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
T2	8.456 (3.652–19.578)	<0.001	4.698 (1.732–12.738)	<0.01
T3	42.515 (8.463–213.564)	<0.001	59.117 (8.152–428.709)	<0.001
TX	9.101 (3.588–23.082)	<0.001	4.074 (1.221–13.594)	<0.05
N
N0	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
N1	25.901 (6.699–100.184)	<0.001	9.168 (1.572–53.669)	<0.05
NX	8.290 (3.441)	<0.001	6.743 (1.874–24.269)	<0.01
Surgery
No	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Yes	0.102 (0.057–0.183)	<0.001	0.237 (0.101–0.555)	<0.01
Radiation
No	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Yes	0.841 (0.327–2.165)	0.720	—	—
Chemotherapy
No	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Yes	23.505 (11.957–46.205)	<0.001	19.188 (7.554–48.740)	<0.001