TFPPASV: A Three-Factor Privacy Preserving Authentication Scheme for VANETs

Table 1

List of notations.

Notations	Description of notations
	Trusted authority, on-board unit
	Road side unit
	Vehicle to vehicle, vehicle to infrastructure
	Internet of vehicle
	and private key
	public key
	An adversary
	Temper proof device
	Biometric Information of
	The random biometric secret key of
	The public reproduction parameter of
	An elliptic curve cycle additive group
	A generator of
	Order of
	Smart card
	users
	Timestamp
	Random number
	The identity of vehicle/user
	The password of vehicle/user
	-generated parameters
	One-way cryptography hash function
	XOR operation