Characteristics of Obese Patients with Acute Hypercapnia Respiratory Failure Admitted in the Department of Pneumology: An Observational Study of a North African Population

Table 1

Clinical, functional, and therapeutic characteristics of patients.

	Total sample ()	Nm-OHS ()	M-OHS ()
Age	66.5 (10.9)	64.8 (9.6)	69.6 (12.7)	0.17
Sex, M/F (%)	11(25)/33(75)	7(24.1)/22(75.9)	4(26.7)/11(73.3)	1
BMI, kg/m^2	41.1 (6.8)	37.5 (30–60)	45 (40–50)	<0.001
Active or ex smoking, (%)	12 (27.3)	7 (24.1)	5 (33.3)	0.72
Charlson comorbidity score (median, IQR)	4 (1–10)	4 (1–9)	4.5 (1–10)	0.33
Previous LTOT, (%)	7 (15.9)	5 (17.2)	2 (13.3)	1
Previous home CPAP, (%)	11 (25)	7 (24.1)	4 (26.7)	1
Previous home BIPAP, (%)	0
Previous ICU hospitalization, (%)	11 (25)	7 (24.1)	4 (26.7)	1
Previous ward hospitalization, (%)	23 (52.3)	14 (48.3)	9 (60)	0.46
Respiratory tests
FEV1
Ml (median, IQR)	1160 (400–2550)	1170 (400–2550)	1080 (760–2330)	0.98
% pred	61 (20.7)	61 (20–122)	73 (27–94)	0.13
FVC
Ml (median, IQR)	1390 (480–3840)	1390 (480–3840)	1160 (1000–2890)	0.93
% pred (mean, SD)	59.6 (18.6)	59.1 (19.4)	60.8 (18.1)	0.87
FEV1/FVC, % (mean, SD)	81.6 (7)	80.4 (6.7)	83.8 (7.3)	0.2
Cardiac function
LVEF, % (median, IQR)	60 (40–65)	60 (40–65)	61 (48–65)	0.22
LV diastolic dysfunction, (%)	10 (25.6)	8 (32)	2 (14.3)	0.28
LV mass index, g/m (median, IQR)	233 (145–408)	233 (155–408)	251 (145–380)	0.33
sPAP, mmHg (median, IQR)	31 (20–75)	32 (20–60)	31 (20–75)	0.89
Dilated right heart cavities, (%)	19 (48.7)	13 (52)	6 (42.9)	0.58
Overnight type 3 PSG data
AHI, h^-1	48.6 (9–125.7)	56.9 (30.6)	50.5 (37.2)	0.59
T90%, (median, IQR)	85.2 (6.5–99.8)	85.2 (6.5–99.5)	87.8 (42–99.8)	0.97
Origin,(%)
Emergency room	30 (68.2)	22 (75.9)	8 (53.3)	0.17
Ward	5 (11.4)	2 (6.9)	3 (20)	0.32
ICU	3 (6.8)	1 (3.4)	2 (13.3)	0.26
AHRF cause,(%)
APE	16 (36.4)	10 (34.5)	6 (40)	0.72
Viral bronchitis	12 (27.3)	8 (27.6)	4 (26.7)	1
Pneumonia	5 (11.4)	3 (10.3)	2 (13.3)	1
Other	11 (25)	8 (27.6)	3 (20)	1
Ventilatory treatment during AHRF
IPAP, cmH2O (median, IQR)	16.3 (12–25)	17 (12–24)	15 (14–25)	0.31
EPAP, cmH2O (median, IQR)	6 (4–9)	6 (4–9)	6 (4–8)	0.53
Duration, h/day (median, IQR)	9 (1.3–20)	8 (1.3–20)	10 (6–18)	0.01
Failure rate, (%)	1 (2.3)	1 (3.4)	0 (0)	1
Length of hospital stay, days (median, SIQ)	20.5 (3–90)	22 (3–90)	18 (10–66)	0.35
Home treatment after discharge,(%)
CPAP	16 (38.1)	11 (39.3)	5 (35.7)	0.82
BIPAP	26 (61.9)	17 (60.7)	9 (64.3)	0.82
LTOT	9 (21.4)	7 (25)	2 (14.3)	0.69

Nm-OHS: nonmalignant obesity hypoventilation syndrome; M-OHS: malignant OHS; : value; M: male; F: female; LTOT: long-term oxygen therapy; CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure; BIPAP: bilevel positive airway pressure; ICU: intensive care unit; FEV1: forced expiratory volume first second; FVC: forced vital capacity; Pred: predicted; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LV: left ventricular; sPAP: systolic pulmonary artery pressure; AHI: apnea hypopnea index; TST90%: total sleep time with nSpO₂ was less than 90%; AHRF: acute hypercapnic respiratory failure; APE: acute pulmonary oedema; IPAP: inspiratory positive airway pressure; EPAP: expiratory positive airway pressure. : mean (standard deviation). : median (interquartile range). BMI: body mass index.