A Novel Multimean Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Nonlinear Continuous Optimization: Application to Feed-Forward Neural Network Training

Algorithm 2

The pseudocode of the proposed MMPSO algorithm.

Initialize all particles of all swarms with randomly generated position and velocity

Repeat

For each swarm

For each particle in the swarm

Calculate the fitness function

Update the local best of positions

Update the global best position of the swarm

End for

Update the best position of all swarms

End for

For each swarm

For each particle in the swarm

Update the velocity and the position of the particle according to equations (6) and (5)

End for

End for

Until (Stopping criteria met)