An Efficient Hybrid Optimization Approach Using Adaptive Elitist Differential Evolution and Spherical Quadratic Steepest Descent and Its Application for Clustering

<div>The clustering results. (a) HaeDE, FES = 641, ARI = 0.8857; (b) aeDE, FES = 880, ARI = 0.4124; (c) PSO, FES = 31420, ARI = 0.4730; (d) SHO, FES = 100000, ARI = 0.5149; (e) SSA, FES = 91220, ARI = 0.3775; (f) DA, FES = 50700, ARI = 0.4347.</div>

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Figure 9

Figure 9: An Efficient Hybrid Optimization Approach Using Adaptive Elitist Differential Evolution and Spherical Quadratic Steepest Descent and Its Application for Clustering 

Figure 9 | An Efficient Hybrid Optimization Approach Using Adaptive Elitist Differential Evolution and Spherical Quadratic Steepest Descent and Its Application for Clustering 