Research Onion for Smart IoT-Enabled Mobile Applications

Table 1

Differences between the inductive and deductive approaches.

Inductive approach	Deductive approach
Based on understanding the meanings humans attach to events.	It is based on scientific principles.
The researcher should have a detailed and complete understanding and knowledge of the research context.	The approach moves from theory to research.
	The researcher explains and finds casual relationships between variables.
It involves collecting qualitative data.	It involves collecting quantitative data.
It adopts a flexible structure that allows for changes or variations in research emphasis along with the progress of the research.	The researcher introduces and applies controls to ensure and protect the validity of the data.
The researcher has an evident realization that they are part of the process.	To ensure clarity of data, the concepts are operationalized.
The researcher is less concerned about generalization.	It is a very structured approach.
	The researcher has a lot of independence.
	There is a need to have a large enough sample size to make conclusions.