The Impact of Urban Sprawl and Smart City Construction on Regional Coordination

Table 5

Robustness test.

Variable	Impact of smart city	Impact of suburbanization	Impact of interaction
Lnltit−1	−0.063 (−7.59)	−0.063 (−7.59)	−0.063 (−7.59)
Lnltit−1 (impact)	−0.062 (−7.56)	−0.065 (−7.27)	−0.068 (−5.76)
Lnsmartit	0.001 (1.78)		0.001^∗ (1.88)
Lnsuburbanizationit		−0.013 (−3.62)	−0.011 (−2.91)
Lninteractionit			0.006 (1.73)
Lnsmartit	−0.0007 (−2.31)		−0.003 (−1.09)
Lnsuburbanizationit		−0.013 (−1.32)	−0.009 (−2.04)
Lninteractionit			−0.003 (−1.26)
Control variable	Yes	Yes	Yes
Fixed effects	Yes	Yes	Yes
Λ	0.107 (2.89)	0.113 (2.87)	0.116 (2.12)
R^2	0.609	0.612	0.601
Observations	3696	3696	3696

, , and indicate significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% level. Z values are reported in parentheses.