| | Stage | Technology or method | Literature |
| | Preprocessing | LPF | [17ā20] | | BWF | [13, 21, 22] | | FD and SD | [17, 23] | | LPF, FD, and SD | [24] | | FIR, FD, and SD | [14, 25, 26] | | PD | [27] | | Sliding window | [28] |
| | Feature extraction | TDF | [14, 19, 23ā25, 27, 29] | | TDF and FDF | [26] | | DWT | [18] | | CWT | [21] | | LDA | [27] | | TDF and KLT | [22] | | SCW, FDF, and TDF | [20] | | Sparse softmax vector | [28] |
| | Matching or classification | k-NN | [14, 18, 23] | | k-NN and MV | [27] | | LDC | [25] | | SVM | [18, 26] | | BN and k-NN | [24] | | PearsD | [21] | | Manhattan distance and Euclidean distance | [22] | | BN, NB, RBF, and MLP | [19] | | DCT | [30] | | SVM, GBT, and IsFrst | [20] | | k-NN, NB, RF, and LDC | [28] |
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