Adaptive Spiral Flying Sparrow Search Algorithm

Table 2

The complexity and parameters of each algorithm.

Algorithm	Time complexity	Space complexity	Iteration and population	Parameter setting
ASFSSA	O (P × M × D)	O (N × D)	Iteration = 200, population = 100	ε = 1e − 50
BSO				eta = 0.95, c = 2, k = 0.4, step0 = 0.9, step1 = 0.2
CSSA				ε = 1e − 50
SSA				ε = 1e − 50
GWO				—
PSO				c1 = c2 = 2,  = 0.728