Clone Chaotic Parallel Evolutionary Algorithm for Low-Energy Clustering in High-Density Wireless Sensor Networks

Figure 8

Energy consumption when the number of sensor nodes is 1000 ((a) 5% cluster head ratio; (b) 10% cluster head ratio; (c) 15% cluster head ratio; (d) 20% cluster head ratio).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)