A Spatiotemporal Change Detection Analysis of Coastline Data in Qingdao, East China

Table 3

Qingdao coastline statistics for 2000, 2010, and 2019.

Coastline types	2000		2010		2019		Net change area (%)
	Area (km)	Area (%)	Area (km)	Area (%)	Area (km)	Area (%)	2000–2010	2010–2019
Natural coastline
Bed rock	147.49	29.04	86.55	16.70	72.35	13.65	12.34	3.05
Sandy	80.64	15.87	88.15	17.01	88.74	16.74	1.14	0.27
Muddy	3.81	0.75	—	—	—	—	—	—
Estuary	3.58	0.70	5.45	1.05	5.10	0.96	0.35	0.09
Subtotal	235.52	46.37	180.15	34.77	166.19	31.35	11.6	3.42
Artificial coastline
Aquaculture	117.19	23.07	167.01	32.23	137.29	26.08	9.16	6.15
Salt field	37.76	7.43	31.87	6.15	24.51	4.62	1.28	1.53
Construction	21.82	4.29	16.87	3.25	35.71	6.92	1.04	3.67
Harbor and wharf	31.34	6.17	55.72	10.75	66.18	12.67	4.58	1.92
Revetment and seawall	64.25	12.65	66.46	12.82	96.12	18.32	0.17	5.5
Subtotal	272.34	53.63	337.93	65.23	359.81	68.65	11.6	3.42
Total	507.86	100	518.08	100	526.00	100	—	—