Research Article

Algorithm of Ecocompensation in Sloping Land Conversion Program Based on Heckman’s Two-Step Model

Table 2

Variable description and descriptive statistics.

VariablesVariable definition and descriptionMeanStandard deviationMinimumMaximum

Explained variables
Peasant household’s willingness to bid0 = unwilling to participate in bidding; 1 = willing to participate in bidding0.7860.41101
Peasant household’s bid pricePeasant household’s bid price (yuan/mu)274.535125.82450650

Core explanatory variables
Risk preference
Planting rickWillingness to plant new varieties of crops: very unwilling = 1, unwilling = 2, no opinion = 3, willing = 4, very willing = 52.9801.35915
Investment riskWillingness to make high-risk investments: very unwilling = 1, unwilling = 2, no opinion = 3, willing = 4, very willing = 52.4591.22315

Social capital
Social prestigeIs there any village cadre in the household: yes = 1, no = 00.0990.29901
Social networkNumber of relatives in the village (households): 0∼5 = 1, 5∼10 = 2, 10∼15 = 3, 15∼20 = 4, >20 = 52.4021.53815
Social participationParticipation in village affairs: seldom = 1, occasionally = 2, sometimes = 3, often = 4, always = 52.4611.19015

Cognitive preference
Perception of the environmentThe SLCP helps improve the ecological environment: strongly disagree = 1, disagree = 2, no opinion = 3, agree = 4, strongly agree = 52.2630.92115
Perception of incomeThe SLCP helps improve household income: strongly disagree = 1, disagree = 2, no opinion = 3, agree = 4, strongly agree = 52.6671.19215
Perception of property rightsManagement and conservation of the converted land each year (times): 0∼20 = 1, 20∼40 = 2, 40∼60 = 3, 60∼80 = 4, >80 = 51.7821.21615

Land plot characteristics
Quality of the land plotSoil quality: very bad = 1, bad = 2, medium = 3, good = 2, very good = 52.5121.38415
Income of the land plot before conversionNet income of the land plot before conversion (yuan/mu)309.117134.71450680
Slope of the land plotSlope of the land plot: flat slope (0°∼5°) = 1, gentle slope (6°∼15°) = 2, moderate slope (16°∼25°) = 3, strong slope (26°∼35°) = 4, very strong slope (>35°) = 51.9621.15815

Control variables
Low-income householdLow-income household: yes = 1, no = 00.2450.43101
Age of the head of householdActual age of the head of household (years)54.7318.4572570
Health status of the head of householdGood = 1, medium = 2, bad = 31.6510.78013
Education of the head of householdIlliterate = 0, primary = 1, junior high = 2, secondary and senior high = 3, junior college = 4, college and above = 52.6450.76415
Political status of the head of householdA party member or not: Yes = 1, No = 00.1390.34601
Household labourHousehold labour within the 18–60 age range = 1, household labour below 18 and above 60 = 0.5, other cases = 01.9611.09505
Per capita annual income of household≤5, 000 yuan = 1, 5,000–10,000 yuan = 2, 10,000–20,000 yuan = 3, 20,000–30,000 yuan = 4, >30,000 = 511987.3859006.979633.66765075
Proportion of the SLCP incomeProportion of the income from the SLCP to the gross household income (%): 0∼5 = 1, 5∼10 = 2, 10∼15 = 3, 15∼20 = 4, >20 = 51.6471.29015
Area of arable landArea of arable land owned by the household: mu12.99616.0360115
Area of converted landThe area of converted land owned by the household: mu5.2685.2780.546

Identification variable
Proportion of SLCP householdsProportion of households participating in the SLCP to the total number of households in the village (%)0.3640.0290.2690.427