Selection of Crowd in Crowdsourcing for Smart Intelligent Applications: A Systematic Mapping Study

Table 8

Presentation of various reasons for crowd participation.

S. no.	Reasons of participation	Citation
1	Honoraria	[71]
2	Future employments/work	[8, 35, 37, 43, 60, 71, 72, 77]
3	Enhancing performance	[12, 71]
4	Money	[8, 16, 23, 27, 29, 41, 43, 48, 52, 55, 56, 60, 61, 68, 77]
5	Payment	[3, 4, 6, 7, 11, 13, 18, 19, 35, 37–39, 45, 64–66, 72, 73, 80]
6	Cash	[50, 75]
7	Entertainment/fun/enjoyment	[5, 6, 11, 12, 15, 16, 37, 41, 54, 60–62, 68, 70, 72, 78]
8	Skills development	[6, 8, 15, 17, 22, 27, 41, 45, 47, 49, 61, 68, 77, 78]
9	Reputation	[16, 17, 22, 35, 54, 65, 68, 77]
10	Gaining/sharing knowledge	[6, 11, 15–17, 21, 49, 53, 60, 61, 70, 75, 78]
11	Prize/reward	[36, 37, 49, 71, 78]
12	Funds collection	[12, 49, 53, 75]
13	Finding answers to questions	[3, 35, 49]
14	Inspiration	[49]
15	Education/learning	[6, 12, 15–17, 19, 20, 35, 37, 45, 47, 49, 60, 70, 72, 77]
16	Appreciation	[49]
17	Incentives	[11, 35, 37, 52]
18	Recognition	[6, 11, 14, 37, 41, 52, 60–62, 75, 77]
19	Fame	[37]
20	Gaining and sharing experiences	[12, 17, 27, 39, 41, 53, 60, 62]
21	Altruism	[12, 16, 38, 62, 77]
22	Rewards (monetary/nonmonetary, economical)	[1, 3, 13, 14, 16, 17, 20, 25, 30, 41, 42, 45, 47, 54, 55, 59, 60, 62–64, 69, 70, 75, 77, 78, 83]
23	Friendship	[16]
24	Socialization	[5, 8, 11, 12, 16, 20, 54, 70]
25	Gaining and sharing idea/ideology	[12, 17, 20, 38, 53, 60, 75, 80]
26	Self-need	[38]
27	Self-development	[38]
28	Authorship	[38]
29	Increasing utility	[18]
30	Extra bonus/income/points	[12, 18, 23, 35, 71]
31	Compensation	[16, 31, 61, 66]
32	Extrinsic and intrinsic rewards/needs	[5, 6, 12, 14, 20, 21, 60, 67, 77]
33	Self esteem	[6, 16, 78]
34	Voluntary participation	[6, 10, 74]
35	Well-being/love of community, intellectual stimulation	[2, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 16, 41, 77]
36	Communication	[39, 53]
37	Cooperation	[15, 20, 72]
38	Collaboration	[12, 15, 49, 53]
39	Competition	[15, 16, 61]
40	Remuneration	[2, 19, 41, 56]
41	Career perspective	[14, 19, 20, 41]
42	Provision of services	[2, 40, 62, 80]
43	Sharing and acquiring information	[40, 62]
44	Accomplishing task	[12, 40, 41]
45	Self-marketability	[41, 60, 77]
46	Pleasure	[41]
47	Self-efficacy	[20, 41, 54]
48	Contribution/sharing work	[41, 60]
49	Earning extra income	[43]
50	Providing or gathering feedback	[47, 55]
51	Fee	[57]
52	Enhancement of expertise level	[59]
53	Integrative motivation	[60]
54	Self-advertisement/self-expression	[60, 61]
55	Individuals are free to performing tasks, i.e., task autonomy	[61]
56	Social comparison	[54]
57	Self-evaluation	[54]
58	Sponsorship	[61]
59	Achievements of goals	[61]
60	For recommendation	[62, 75]
61	Suggestion	[62]
62	Financial benefits/rewards	[6, 11, 22, 25, 41, 62, 63, 73, 78]
63	Ranking	[62]
64	Solution	[17, 39, 53, 60]
65	Tangible and intangible rewards	[54]
66	Satisfaction	[12, 21, 60, 61, 70]
67	Co-creation	[70]
68	Co-development	[70]
69	Crowd acquisition	[70]
70	Advocating	[70]
71	Specifying tasks	[70]
72	Evaluating outcomes	[70]
73	Earning profit	[75]
74	Cambros	[75]
75	Credit points	[75]
76	Selling	[75]
77	Voting	[75]
78	Scoring	[75]
79	Commenting	[75]
80	Sharing reviews	[75]
81	Decision-making	[17, 75]
82	Gaining social capital	[16, 17]
83	Brainstorming	[17]
84	Finding alternative solutions	[3, 17]
85	Altruistic contribution	[9]
86	Financial and nonfinancial motives	[7]
87	Immediate/delayed payoffs	[5]
88	Importance	[41]
89	Competence	[8, 12, 41, 60, 61]
90	Best job performer	[41]
91	Trusted	[41]
92	Interest	[16, 60, 61, 65]
93	Curiosity	[12, 60, 77]
94	Self-affirmation	[60]
95	Professional and personal relation	[17, 60]
96	Self-belongingness	[60]
97	Meaningfulness	[12]
98	Relatedness	[12]
99	Self-development	[12]
100	Membership	[20]
101	Reciprocity	[20]
102	Visibility	[7]
103	Task variety	[61]
104	Task complexity	[61]
105	Expectation	[78]
106	Detect and correct errors	[21]
107	Desire for satisfying standards	[21]