Research Article
Assess the Application of the E-Value in the Unmeasured Confounder Evaluation of Observational Pharmaceutical Studies
Table 1
Study characteristics of the observational pharmaceutical studies.
| | Characteristics | Total | Infections and infestations | Cardiac disorders | Neoplasms benign, malignant, and unspecified |
| | Study Numbers (N) | 368 | 80 | 51 | 26 | | Sample size, median (Q1, Q3) | 634 (205, 4721) | 314 (157, 1064) | 3005 (610, 14033) | 506 (105, 4036) | | Publication year, median (Q1, Q3) | 2016 (2012, 2018) | 2016 (2012, 2017) | 2014 (2010, 2017) | 2016 (2011, 2018) | | Effect measure: | | Hazard ratio, n (%) | 156 (42.4) | 25 (31.3) | 35 (68.6) | 12 (46.2) | | Risk ratio, n (%) | 31 (8.4) | 7 (8.8) | 3 (5.9) | 3 (11.5) | | Odds ratio, n (%) | 181 (49.2) | 48 (60.0) | 13 (25.5) | 11 (42.3) | | Uncommon (<15%) outcome, n (%) | 203 (55.2) | 37 (46.3) | 34 (66.7) | 15 (57.7) | | Protective effect (effect size <1), n (%) | 148 (40.2) | 24 (30.0) | 28 (54.9) | 17 (65.4) | | Negative result, n (%) | 47 (12.8) | 11 (13.8) | 9 (17.6) | 3 (11.5) |
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