The Flipped Classroom Model of Japanese Teaching Based on Intelligent Decision-Making System

Table 2

FIAS variables, calculation formula, meaning, and norm.

variables	Abbreviation	calculation formula	meaning and norms
Teacher speaking rate	TT		The rate of teacher speaking during the teaching period. The higher the data, the higher the rate of teacher speaking during class. The norm is about 68.
Student speaking ratio	PT		The rate of students speaking during the teaching period. The higher the data, the higher the rate of students speaking during the class. The norm is about 20.
Ratio of teachers’ indirect influence to direct influence	I/d ratio		The ratio formula is used when the number of observations is greater than 1000. When the data are greater than 100, it means that teachers use the words and time of indirect influence more than the words and time of direct influence.
	I/D ratio		This formula is used when the number of observations is less than 1000.
Quiet or chaotic ratio	SC		Quiet and chaotic situations during teaching. The higher the teaching evidence, the less poor quality of oral interaction between teachers and students. The norm is about 11 or 12.
Teacher question ratio	TQR		The teacher’s tendency to use a question-based approach to guide discussions. The higher the data, the more frequently teachers use questions to guide discussions in class. The norm is about 26.
Student spontaneous ratio	PIR		The proportion of student utterances initiated by students. The higher the data, the more courageous the students are to express their opinions actively. The norm is about 34.
Teacher prompt question ratio	TQR		The teacher uses the student’s point of view to immediately respond to the annoyance of the student’s words by asking questions. The higher the data, the more the teacher can ask the students’ words in real time. The norm is about 44.
Steady state region ratio	SSR		The tendency of teachers and students to stay in the same behavior category for more than 3 seconds. The higher the data, the more stable the interaction between teachers and students. The norm is around 50.
Student steady state area	PSSR		The oral behaviors that students speak for more than 3 seconds account for the proportion of all oral behaviors of students. The higher the data, the more stable the students’ speaking style. The norm is around 35 or 40.