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| Latent variable | Connotation and item design basis | Measurable variable |
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| Customer value proposition | Customer value proposition is to clearly state the interest combination to be provided to stakeholders, which should be attractive, differentiated, superior, and difficult for competitors to imitate [27, 36] | Q1 What is the social awareness of your products (services)? |
| Q2 What is the degree of uniqueness of your products (services) relative to your competitors? |
| Q3 Compared with peers and competitors, do you think your business model is different? |
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| Psychological contract | Psychological contract is formed between employees and organizations as a variety of beliefs about each other’s responsibilities and obligations [37]; the success of an enterprise requires teamwork [38]; consumer psychological contract is essentially a relationship of rights and obligations between enterprises and customers [39] | Q4 How satisfied are the partners with your business model? |
| Q5 What is the degree of win-win benefits among the main partners of your business model? |
| Q6 How stable is the relationship between your business model partners? |
| Q7 How much knowledge is shared among your business model partners? |
| Q8 How supportive are your business model partners? |
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| Business model innovation | Whether it is a good business model depends on whether its performance exceeds the average level of the industry and whether it is sustainable, profitable, and expandable [40, 41] | Q9 What is the ability of your business model to attract key resources? |
| Q10 How do you recognize the current market performance level of the enterprise? |
| Q11 How confident are you that the current business model will shape the market performance of the enterprise in the next three years? |
| Q12 How attractive is your business model to potential participants? |
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