Multipopulation Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm with Neighborhood Learning

Table 1

Benchmark functions.

	Test function	Equation	Search range
f1	Brown function		[−1, 4]
f2	Exponential function		[−1, 2]
f3	Griewank function		[−600, 600]
f4	Powellsum function		[−1, 1]
f5	Ridge function		[−5, 5]
f6	Schwefel2.20 function		[−100, 100]
f7	Schwefel2.21 function		[−100, 100]
f8	Schwefel2.22 function		[−100, 100]
f9	Schwefel2.23 function		[−10, 10]
f10	Sphere		[−5.12, 5.12]
f11	Ackley 1		[−35, 35]
f12	Alphine 1		[0, 10]
f13	Happy cat	,	[−2, 2]
f14	Periodic		[−10, 10]
f15	Quatic function with noise		[−1.28, 1.28]
f16	Rastrign		[−5.12, 5.12]
f17	Salomon		[−100, 100]
f18	Xin-She Yang 1		[−5, 5]
f19	Xin-She Yang 2		[−2 , 2 ]
f20	Xin-She Yang 4		[−10, 10]